Index to Vol.31     

《大气科学进展》2014,(6)

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;  相似文献   

从气旋和反气旋谈正、负阻尼     

刘式达  刘式适  付遵涛 《大气科学》2014,38(6):1041-1043

在定常条件下,利用简化的大气运动控制方程,分析了气旋与反气旋的基本特征。在此基础上,利用常微分方程的定性分析与求解,获得了气旋和反气旋轨道的解析解。接合气旋与反气旋的基本特征,论证了正负阻尼在气旋和反气旋运动中具体体现,并从物理机理上说明产生气旋和反气旋运动中正负阻尼的差异在于水平辐合在低层的不同。  相似文献   

北太平洋爆发性气旋的气候特征   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

齐桂英 《应用气象学报》1993,4(4):426-433

利用1968—1987年的海平面天气图资料，分析了爆发性气旋的气候特点。主要内容有:爆发性气旋的发生频率，频率的时间分布，地理分布，大风强度及分布方位、气旋爆发前后的大风、中心气压、加深率等要素的变化。  相似文献   

Factors contributing to the development of extreme North Atlantic cyclones and their relationship with the NAO     

Joaquim G. Pinto  Stefan Zacharias  Andreas H. Fink  Gregor C. Leckebusch  Uwe Ulbrich 《Climate Dynamics》2009,32(5):739-737

The occurrence of extreme cyclones is analysed in terms of their relationship to the NAO phase and the dominating environmental variables controlling their intensification. These are latent energy (equivalent potential temperature 850 hPa is used as an indicator), upper-air baroclinicity, horizontal divergence and jet stream strength. Cyclones over the North Atlantic are identified and tracked using a numerical algorithm, permitting a detailed analysis of their life cycles. Extreme cyclones are selected as the 10% most severe in terms of intensity. Investigations focus on the main strengthening phase of each cyclone. The environmental factors are related to the NAO, which affects the location and orientation of the cyclone tracks, thus explaining why extreme cyclones occur more (less) frequently during strong positive (negative) NAO phases. The enhanced number of extreme cyclones in positive NAO phases can be explained by the larger area with suitable growth conditions, which is better aligned with the cyclone tracks and is associated with increased cyclone life time and intensity. Moreover, strong intensification of cyclones is frequently linked to the occurrence of extreme values of growth factors in the immediate vicinity of the cyclone centre. Similar results are found for ECHAM5/OM1 for present day conditions, demonstrating that relationships between the environment factors and cyclones are also valid in the GCM. For future climate conditions (following the SRES A1B scenario), the results are similar, but a small increase of the frequency of extreme values is detected near the cyclone cores. On the other hand, total cyclone numbers decrease by 10% over the North Atlantic. An exception is the region near the British Isles, which features increased track density and intensity of extreme cyclones irrespective of the NAO phase. These changes are associated with an intensified jet stream close to Europe. Moreover, an enhanced frequency of explosive developments over the British Isles is found, leading to more frequent windstorms affecting Europe.

Joaquim G. PintoEmail:

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Rapid dome growth at Montagne Pelée during the early stages of the 1902–1905 eruption: a reconstruction from Lacroix’s data     

Jean-Claude?TanguyEmail author 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2004,66(7):615-621

Information obtained from various parts of the two books on Montagne Pelée by Lacroix enables an estimate to be made of the size of l’Etang Sec summit crater, the volume of the 1902–1905 lava dome and its growth rate at various stages of development. During the week preceding the 8 May nuée ardente, dome growth was between 28 and 38 m³ s^–1, leading to a volume of 17–23×10⁶ m³ on the morning of the catastrophe. Considering that significant parts of the dome (~1/3?) were removed by the 8 and 20 May climactic eruptions, a high magmatic flux could have continued until at least 27 May, when the total remaining volume was estimated to 53×10⁶ m³. After moderate activity in June–July (of order 10 m³ s^–1), vigorous dome growth resumed dramatically, leading to the third climactic eruption of 30 August (a true calculation for this period being not feasible because of poor quality of the data). From November 1902 to July 1903 most of the effusive activity was concentrated in the great spine (erupted volume ~15×10⁶ m³, magma flux 1.2 m³ s^–1), which was eventually destroyed by collapse and minor nuées ardentes. The end of the eruption was characterized by a very low effusion rate, <1 m³ s^–1 in average from August 1903 to October 1905.  相似文献   

Sequence and eruptive style of the 1783 eruption of Asama Volcano, central Japan: a case study of an andesitic explosive eruption generating fountain-fed lava flow, pumice fall, scoria flow and forming a cone     

Maya Yasui  Takehiro Koyaguchi 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2004,66(3):243-262

The 3-month long eruption of Asama volcano in 1783 produced andesitic pumice falls, pyroclastic flows, lava flows, and constructed a cone. It is divided into six episodes on the basis of waxing and waning inferred from records made during the eruption. Episodes 1 to 4 were intermittent Vulcanian or Plinian eruptions, which generated several pumice fall deposits. The frequency and intensity of the eruption increased dramatically in episode 5, which started on 2 August, and culminated in a final phase that began on the night of 4 August, lasting for 15 h. This climactic phase is further divided into two subphases. The first subphase is characterized by generation of a pumice fall, whereas the second one is characterized by abundant pyroclastic flows. Stratigraphic relationships suggest that rapid growth of a cone and the generation of lava flows occurred simultaneously with the generation of both pumice falls and pyroclastic flows. The volumes of the ejecta during the first and second subphases are 0.21 km³ (DRE) and 0.27 km³ (DRE), respectively. The proportions of the different eruptive products are lava: cone: pumice fall=84:11:5 in the first subphase and lava: cone: pyroclastic flow=42:2:56 in the second subphase. The lava flows in this eruption consist of three flow units (L1, L2, and L3) and they characteristically possess abundant broken phenocrysts, and show extensive "welding" texture. These features, as well as ghost pyroclastic textures on the surface, indicate that the lava was a fountain-fed clastogenic lava. A high discharge rate for the lava flow (up to 10⁶ kg/s) may also suggest that the lava was initially explosively ejected from the conduit. The petrology of the juvenile materials indicates binary mixing of an andesitic magma and a crystal-rich dacitic magma. The mixing ratio changed with time; the dacitic component is dominant in the pyroclasts of the first subphase of the climactic phase, while the proportion of the andesitic component increases in the pyroclasts of the second subphase. The compositions of the lava flows vary from one flow unit to another; L1 and L3 have almost identical compositions to those of pyroclasts of the first and second subphases, respectively, while L2 has an intermediate composition, suggesting that the pyroclasts of the first and second subphases were the source of the lava flows, and were partly homogenized during flow. The complex features of this eruption can be explained by rapid deposition of coarse pyroclasts near the vent and the subsequent flowage of clastogenic lavas which were accompanied by a high eruption plume generating pumice falls and/or pyroclastic flows.Editorial responsibility: T. Druitt  相似文献   

东北暴雨的研究   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

王东海  钟水新  刘英  李俊  胡开喜  杨帅  张春喜  孙力  高枞亭 《地球科学进展》2007,22(6):549-560

系统性研究东北暴雨将提高对东北灾害性天气的认识，有利于加深对中国暴雨的全面研究。对我国气象工作者在东北暴雨研究方面的工作进行了综述，并回顾了影响东北暴雨的几类主要天气系统，分别为气旋、台风、冷涡，着重回顾了在过去几十年中东北冷涡暴雨方面研究的进展。指出目前待解决的问题是：影响东北地区台风暴雨强度、分布及转向问题；东北冷涡的内部结构特征及其发生发展的物理机制、东北冷涡下中尺度对流系统的结构特征与暴雨的关系；引发东北地区强暴雨过程的水汽源地等问题。这些问题需要通过今后深入和细致的加密观测分析研究，以及利用长时间卫星遥感观测资料和雷达资料的论证才能逐渐认识清楚。  相似文献   

Evaluation of blast-induced ground vibration predictors   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

Manoj Khandelwal  T.N. Singh   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2007,27(2):116-125

The present paper mainly deals with the prediction of blast-induced ground vibration level at a Magnesite Mine in tecto-dynamically vulnerable hilly terrain in Himalayan region in India. The ground vibration was monitored to calculate the safe charge of explosive to avoid the continuous complaints from the nearby villagers. The safe charge of explosive and peak particle velocity (PPV) were recorded for 75 blast events (150 blast data sets) at various distances. These data sets were used and analysed by the widely used vibration predictors. From the four predictors, vibration levels were calculated and compared with new monitored 20 blast data sets. Again, the same data sets were used to validate and test the three-layer feed-forward back-propagation neural network to predict the PPV values. The same 20 data sets were used to compare the results by the artificial neural network (ANN). Among all the predictors, a very poor correlation was found, whereas ANN provides very near prediction with high degree of correlation.  相似文献   

TRANSALP—Cross-line recording during the seismic reflection transect in the Eastern Alps     

Karl Millahn  Ewald Lüschen  Helmut Gebrande  TRANSALP Working Group 《Tectonophysics》2006,414(1-4):39

Cross-line recording formed a companion experiment of the TRANSALP seismic reflection transect through the Eastern Alps, conducted by partner institutions from Austria, Germany and Italy in three field campaigns in the period fall 1998 to fall 1999. Besides of the originally expected three-dimensional control for the north–south running main transect, additional information on seismic anisotropy and alternative images of crucial parts of the main transect could be gained.Conventionally processed sections along N–S running common-midpoint (CMP) binning lines confirm and strengthen the predominance of midcrustal reflective structures of the ‘Sub-Tauern-Ramp’ beneath and south of the Tauern Window. Velocity analysis of the first arrivals exhibit about 10% higher velocities in east–west propagating P-waves, compatible with texture-dominated rock anisotropy, recorded on cross-lines at the Tauern Window. Pre-stack depth migration of cross-line recordings shows dominant south dip of the Sub-Tauern-Ramp with easterly dip components and a sub-horizontal root zone of the Sub-Dolomites-Ramp.  相似文献   

2000年两次沙尘暴天气过程的分析研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

吕梅  濮江平 《气象科学》2002,22(2):210-217

本文根据探空资料（TTAA），利用数值模式的客观和诊断分析结果、高空气象探测数据处理系统（T－lnp图）及天气图进行天气形势、物理量场的定量分析及单站气象要素的演变分析等对2000年4月4－6日两次沙尘暴天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：两次沙尘暴过程的形成是由于生成于蒙古地区的蒙古气旋进入东北后强烈发展，在华北、东北、内蒙南部地区形成大范围的强西北风而引起的。地面锋线及高空槽后都为偏北大风区，强劲的空中风使沙尘迅速向前方扩展。地面锋线与850、700、500hPa槽线上、下位置重合较好，槽后各层均存在大风区及下沉运动区，二者配合有利于高层动量下传，形成地面辐散大风直接导致了沙尘暴的形成。陡峭的锋面使得锋前有强励的上升气流，将沙尘粒子源源不断地输送到高空，使地面和空中沙尘连成一体。利用高空气象探测数据处理系统对探空资料（TTAA报）处理的结果表明：整层大气比较稳定，对流不易发展。近地面大气较干燥，无法形成降水，疏松的沙土易被大风扬起，这也是沙尘暴形成的主要原因之一。  相似文献